PROBLEMS FACED BY THE CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES. Furthermore, missionaries, believing in the civilizing mission, attempted to disintegrate traditional society through education by choosing academic subjects, such as the histories of the Western colonial powers, that illustrated the superiority of the Western culture, as well as by teaching about the superiority of the West in non-academic matters such as hygiene. Third, rivalry between the various Christian denominations also contributed to the poor standards of education. The expansion of the missionary movement into Africa was part of the growing conception of Christian responsibility for the regeneration of African peoples. These missions significantly influenced the systematic educational development in the Gold Coast. This research was funded by the European Research Council. Agricultural school graduates did not compete with European industries or European farmers, as they mainly grew crops that could not be grown in European climates. Wed love to get to know you and discuss how God is calling you. The work of the Basel Missionary Society was taken over with the consent of the Basel Mission Home Board by the United Free Church of Scotland whose ecclesiastical organization was Presbyterian. It also talks about all the mission societies from all denominations engaged in educational works. For example, they preached against human sacrifice. Theres still so much to be learned from the history of education in Africa and its long-term consequences. First, missions saw education foremost as a means of conversion (Ayandele 1966: 286; Bassey 1991: 36; Berman 1974:527; Foster 1965:85; Sheffield 1973:11). Government & Politics During the first half of the 19th century they targeted healthier places, with relatively lower malaria-risk, where European missionaries could survive and train local African missionaries and teachers (Jedwab et al. I found that while educational outcomes are generally better in places that were exposed to Christian missions in the colonial era, traditionally polygamous societies benefited less. opened, in Freetown, the first boys secondary school in the country and another for girls in 1849, later renamed the Annie Walsh Memorial School. The reservation of high-level positions in the colonial administrations for Europeans and the corresponding mission education that provided education fit only for lower positions meant that the withdrawal of European rule could cause serious political instability in the newly independent colonies. The Essay Writing ExpertsUK Essay Experts. And traditionally polygamous societies would have higher educational outcomes today. 2 Longman Group Ltd. London 1974, Ampadu B.K Notes on History of Ghana for Senior High Schools. Before we examine the contribution of Christian missionaries in Ghana, we need to identify the missionaries that came to Ghana. Soon after the Methodist experiment, the church Missionary Society set up their own school at Badagry. S.J. The missionary activities in Nigeria, especially their educational programs helped to whip-up the consciousness of a shared identity and helped to train a new set of elite that championed the course of nationalism and constituted a virile leadership for the young nation at independence.Click to see full answer What is missionary education?A mission school or [] 2: Trans-Saharan Trade. Private Study They also prescribed many taboos which, in the light of modern medical science, had no relation whatever with the illness being treated. The Wesleyan and Basel missionaries established schools in Cape Coast, Accra . The Methodists founded the Boys High School in 1874, and another high school for girls six years later. In 1876 the college became associated with Durham University in England, which awarded degrees to students of the college. The Basel missionaries, in particular, established experimental farms and plantations in places like Akropong. For three years, he taught English and biblical ethics. It also plays an important role in organization of inheritances within matrilineal houses and thus exerts influence from a legal point of view. Christianity in northern Nigeria. The role of the Christian missionaries in Ghana and West Africa was not limited to the education and agricultural sectors alone. For instance, in southern Nigeria, the CMS policy was to teach in the vernacular at the primary level, while the Roman Catholic Missions policy was to teach in English (Bassey 1991:42). Wm. Next, branches of the C.M.S. African prose Specifically, it addresses the unique role of Christian missions in. This finding was supported by two types of analysis. Notably among these missionaries are the Wesleyan, Basel, and Bremen. They did a lot to impact the social and economic lives of Africans. One method of discouraging traditional practices was to give students a fully Western education. Thus by training Africans to fill only the lower levels of the colonial administration and providing skilled workers from the vocational and agricultural schools who contributed to the economy and were less likely to question colonial rule than more educated Africans, mission schools helped to strengthen colonial rule. After six years at St. Peters, Father Burke was named chaplain and professor of English literature at St. Thomas Aquinas Secondary School in Osu, Ghana. Who is Mrs. Konrad in Second Class Citizen? The high temperatures coupled with high rainfall patterns in some parts of the country experienced during the daytime, made the missionaries stay indoors, which slowed down their activities. In the Western Region, the Catholic Sisters running a hospital at Eikwe specialized in maternity cases, and like Slessor in Nigeria succeeded in stamping out the practice of killing twins at birth. government questions The churches opened primary schools both in the capital and in the rural communities. Father Burke was preceded in death by his parents and his brother John. Cookies are small, safe and secure text files that sit on your computer which we use to give you a better experience on our site and help us improve the service that we provide to you. Its message was that of love and the universal brotherhood of mankind. It is interesting to note that while in many ways missionaries sought to isolate students from their cultures, missionaries often insisted in teaching in the native languages. 503 0 obj <> endobj Being ignorant of the significance of certain institutions and practices of the people of West Africa, and occasionally being misled by their over-zealous followings into wrongly interpreting the peoples heritage, the missionaries compelled pupils in their schools and docile adult converts to shun their own ancestral practices. As happened in Ghana, the development of training colleges in Nigeria was slower than secondary schools, though the C. M. S. had opened the first training college at Abeokuta as far back as 1849. He professed vows in 1953 in Conesus, N.Y., and was ordained to the priesthood in 1961 at Techny, Ill. The home page of Compassion Canada is that of a stereotypical Northern charity: showing pictures of suffering children alternating with those of post-intervention, happy children. For instance, in Nigeria in 2006, approximately only 51.2% of primary school teachers of either gender were trained as teachers, and the enrolment rate in primary education for both genders in 2000 stood at about 62.7%, compared to 99.5% in Canada (UN Data 2010). For instance, on 2nd October 1792, the Baptist Missionary Society was formed followed by the interdenominational London Missionary Society which was established in 1795. What would have happened if missionaries had not insisted on monogamy? Until almost the end of the colonial period education was still largely in the hands of the churches. New missionary societies (the LMS, the CMS, the Holy Ghost Fathers, the White Fathers, etc.) This chapter traces the origins and long-term development of African mass education in colonial sub-Saharan Africa. In 1859, the first newspaper in Yoruba. student life In many instances, they made their converts rebel against traditional rulers and other spiritual leaders. These new movements considered such ventures to be their contribution to Europes reparation for centuries of exploitation of Africans, reparation for the centuries of exploitation which the Trans Atlantic slave trade had caused to African society. Crampton, Edmund Patrick Thurman. Instead of needing to import skilled workers such as carpenters, the mission schools provided colonial governments with workers capable of building and maintaining the colonys infrastructure and basic technology, a contribution that kept the colonies running smoothly. During this period, difficulties encountered were different from the initial difficulties which will more related to sickness, deaths and the suspicion of indigenous people in accepting the Gospel. The others included the Christian responsibility for the regeneration of African peoples. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Non-African Poetry Ghana Education Service seeks to create an enabling environment in all educational institutions and management positions that will facilitate effective teaching and learning and efficiency in the management for the attainment of the goals of the Service. Thus, because of the motive of proselytization, unqualified teachers, and inter-denominational rivalry, missions frequently provided poor education. The common response among traditionally polygamous people is well illustrated by a passage in Jomo Kenyattas famous book on the Gikuyu in colonial Kenya: This [the insistence on monogamy] caused a great confusion, for the African could not understand how he could drive away his wives and children, especially in a community where motherhood is looked upon as a religious duty; the children are regarded as part and parcel, not only of the father, but of the whole clan (mbari), and without them the mbari is lost. In Nigeria, one of the lasting works of the C.M.S. Apart from the extreme south and the Horn, the interior was hardly touched by Europeans before the last quarter of the Nineteenth Century. Lewis, Donald M., ed. The early Christian missions concentrated their activities not only on religious matters. ABWE is also at work in countries that restrict evangelism. However hypocritical, government support for the schools should not be surprising, considering the benefits the colonial governments stood to gain. Reiterating what teacher education must encapsulate, Adegoke (2003) and Benneh (2006) indi-cated that the mission of Ghana's teacher education is to pro- And yet this was what earlier missionaries in pagan Europe had done when, for example, they had changed the Sabbath to suit the pagan Sun Day (hence Sunday), and had also adopted the dates of the pagan festivals to celebrate Christmas Day and the Easter festival. This involved learning to read in the vernacular (Hadfield cited in Bone 1969:7). They therefore set about to achieve this through introduction of formal education among the Batswana people. Thus as early as 1823, the Roman Catholic Sisters started a clinic for the sick and for children in Banjul. Economics James Fieldhouse, produced a Wolof Grammar in 1876. The Methodists, known as the Wesleyan Missionaries (after their founder), arrived in Freetown in 1811. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. People all around the world are searching for hope, but many dont have someone to tell them about the hope found in Jesus. Again, the Wesleyan missionaries established Mfantsipim School in Cape Coast in 1876. The country has diverse geography, people groups, and languageswith English as the common language, and more than 11 others with state recognition. The study examines the historical foundations of Western education in Meru and factors that influenced its development. All the three secondary schools in Cape Coast were mission institutions. While missionaries could sometimes clash with colonial governments, for the most part missions were important tools for colonial governments. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. When he arrived in Nkwatia-Kwahu to teach English at St. Peters Secondary School, the town had yet to benefit from electricity and running water. In Fanteland, the Methodists and Roman Catholics pioneered similar works. Prior to advent of the Christian missionaries and indeed well into the pre-independence period, most sick people depended for cure upon concoction herbs and roots and barks of trees. Our academic experts are ready and waiting to assist with any writing project you may have. Kalu, Ogbu. About the same time, the Church of Scotland (Presbyterian) headed by the Rev. Baker Pub Group, 1996. Frank Ogodo Ogbeche Yes! Establishment of Christian Churches In Ghana.
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