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[293], In 2019, Pulitzer Prize finalist Annie Jacobsen's book, "Surprise, Kill, Vanish: The Secret History of CIA Paramilitary Armies, Operators, and Assassins" was released. Kill. CIA Covert Operations: From Carter to Obama, 1977-2010 provides a detailed account of the operational and diplomatic history of U.S. covert operations, encompassing the time period beginning with the inauguration of President Jimmy Carter in 1977, and concluding with the George W. Bush administration, although a few Obama-era documents are also included. Stone, Captain Kathryn; Williams, Professor Anthony R. (Project Advisor). *Successful candidates for this position may be eligible for a one-time hiring bonus of up to 25% of their base pay. bear on an age-old question: Are . [113], SAD paramilitary teams were active in Afghanistan in the 1990s in clandestine operations to locate and kill or capture Osama Bin Laden. [209] On January 14, 2010, subsequent to the suicide attack at Camp Chapman, the CIA located and killed the senior Taliban leader in Pakistan, Hakimullah Mehsud. [131][133] There have been basically three options described in the media: McChrystal's increased counterinsurgency campaign; a counter-terror campaign using special operations raids and drone strikes; and withdrawal. [134][136], General McChrystal's strategy included the lash up of special operations forces from the U.S. Military and from SAC/SOG to duplicate the initial success and the defeat of the Taliban in 2001[137] and the success of the "Surge" in Iraq in 2007. OSS also helped arm, train and supply resistance movements, including Mao Zedong's People's Liberation Army in China and the Viet Minh in French Indochina, in areas occupied by the Axis powers. These are the highest two awards for valor within the CIA in recognition of distinguished valor and excellence in the line of duty. The CIAs primacy in matters of paramilitary activities is well-established through existing congressional legislation and presidential executive orders. [30], SAC's existence became better known as a result of the "War on Terror". A considerable increase in funding under Section 1202 would enable U.S. Special Operations Command personnel, who are already on the front lines alongside our international allies and partners in the shadow war against China, Russia, and Iran, to better counter these competitors destabilizing activities in the South China Sea, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East. Southworth, Samuel A.; Tanner, Stephen. The operation was a result of years of intelligence work that included the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), the CIA, the DSS, and the Delta Force's apprehension and interrogation of Khalid Sheik Mohammad (KSM),[227][228][229] the discovery of the real name of the courier disclosed by KSM, the tracking, via signal intelligence, of the courier to the Abbottobad compound by paramilitary operatives and the establishment of a CIA safe house that provided critical advance intelligence for the operation. [148], The Trump administration doubled down on the covert war in Afghanistan by increasing the number of paramilitary officers from SAD fighting alongside and leading the Afghan CTPT's, supported by Omega Teams from JSOC. This capability was developed by the joint teams of CIA and JSOC. [257] The Syrian government called the event a "criminal and terrorist" attack on its sovereignty, alleging all of the reported eight fatalities were civilians. However, even for operations officers, its a case by case basis, and they may take you in the clandestine service beyond that age if you have in demand skill sets. [267] Many believe the president chose "to replace U.S. ground forces in Syria with personnel from the CIA's Special Activities Division and that the process has been underway for months. Already experienced in operations in Syria, the CIA has numerous paramilitary officers who have the skills to operate independently in harm's way. In December, the Islamic Courts warned Ethiopia they would declare war if Ethiopia did not remove all its troops from Somalia. [146], The U.S. has decided to lean heavily on CIA in general, and SAC specifically in their efforts to withdraw from Afghanistan as it did in Iraq. [172][175], In May 2007, Marine Major Douglas A. Zembiec was serving in SAD/SOG Ground Branch in Iraq when he was killed by small arms fire while leading a raid with Iraq Special Forces. These attacks have produced the broadest, deepest, and most rapid reduction in al-Qaida senior leadership that we've seen in several years. [181] The New York Times reported that during the raid U.S. forces killed several armed males who "posed a threat". [224][225] Bin Laden's body was flown to Afghanistan to be identified and then forwarded to the aircraft carrier USSCarl Vinson for a burial at sea. [126] Former CIA station chief Gary Berntsen, as well as a subsequent Senate investigation, claimed that the combined American special operations task force was largely outnumbered by al-Qaeda forces and that they were denied additional U.S. troops by higher command. This approach will resolve a long-standing tension between the congressional defense committees related to the oversight of covert and clandestine activities. He explained that a senior Taliban official had taken her as a wife and had sharply restricted the time she could spend with her family. ", "Testimony of Michael G. Vickers on SOCOM's Mission and Roles to the House Armed Services Committee's Subcommittee on Terrorism, Unconventional Threats, and Capabilities", "Osama bin Laden killed in CIA operation", "CIA, Pentagon reject recommendation on paramilitary operations", "The most elite special operations forces in the US", "Ground Branch: The CIA's covert alternative to special operations", "CIA Special Activities Division (SAD) / Special Operations Group", "A Funeral of 2 Friends: C.I.A. BS in Fraud and Financial Crime Investigation and BS Criminal Justice. During his time at MACV-SOG in Vietnam, he developed and conducted the first combat High Altitude-Low Opening (HALO) jump. Further, all candidates must be able to pass the Agencys background investigation, psychological and medical examination, and a polygraph examination. [254], The 2008 Abu Kamal raid was a helicopter-borne raid conducted by paramilitary officers from Special Activities Division[255] and United States Special Operations Command, Joint Special Operations Command[256] inside Syrian territory on October 26, 2008. security contractors), and foreign national personnel who are engaged in military-like activities (Clark 2015, 10-11). This operation was called Project Azorian (erroneously called Project Jennifer by the press). These were the first maritime unconventional warfare units that trained indigenous forces as surrogates. Freedman was posthumously awarded the Intelligence Star on January 5, 1993, for his "extraordinary heroism."[93]. "[152], On July 14, 2009, several newspapers reported that DCIA Leon Panetta was briefed on a CIA program that had not been briefed to the oversight committees in Congress. Many documents related to MERRIMAC were destroyed by the CIA in compliance with a recommendation from the Rockefeller Commission to destroy files, not in compliance with new rules. In Crete, OSS paramilitary officers linked up with, equipped and fought alongside Greek resistance forces against the Axis occupation. His account of collateral damage was strikingly lower than many unofficial counts: "We believe the number of civilian casualties is just over 20, and those were people who were either at the side of major terrorists or were at facilities used by terrorists. In Syria, Russian private paramilitary companies have been crucial in propping up the regime of Bashar al-Assad. [citation needed], In the Trump administration, SAC has begun deploying small units of paramilitary officers worldwide to track down terrorists, and they have been given the primary lead for CT operations in Afghanistan. Kill. They were joined by Che Guevara in the mid-1960s. [164] This combined U.S. special operations and Kurdish force defeated the Iraqi Army. "Behind lines, an unseen war," Faye Bowers. [94], President Bill Clinton withdrew U.S. forces on May 4, 1994. All candidates for paramilitary operations officer and specialized officer careers with the NCS must complete an online application and include their college transcripts and a one-page cover letter that describes why they are interested in an NCS career and what characteristics they possess that make them an ideal candidate. U.S. forces responded by blowing a large hole into the side of the compound. However, Executive Order 13470 importantly established a specific exceptions for transferring that responsibility to other agencies. U.S. Special Operations Command paramilitary activities, Women in the military: Moving beyond firsts, Ex-soldier, a neo-Nazi, gets 45 years for plot to ambush his own unit, Issues with the Armys Europe-based equipment trigger readiness alarms, Veterans Affairs drops mask requirement for all agency medical offices, Tax scams How to report them Money Minute, Capitol Hill weighs action on two controversial topics: medical marijuana and abortion, Lockheed wins hypersonics contract | Defense Dollars, Go inside a secret nuclear fallout bunker sealed for decades, How the Marine Corps is preparing for era of contested logistics, Perennial pilot shortage puts Air Force in precarious position, Pentagon again denies helping Ukraine attack targets inside Russia. [230][231][232], The material discovered in the raid indicated that bin Laden was still in charge of his Al-Qaeda organization and was developing plans and issuing orders at the time of his death. [98], On September 14, 2009, Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan, a senior al-Qaeda leader in East Africa as well as a senior leader in Shabaab, al Qaeda's surrogate in Somalia, was killed by elements of U.S. Special Operations. Often the CIA's Special Activities Center carries out such covert operations with its own paramilitary force, acting independently, but relying on the Defense Department's military assets for . A career Army Special Forces officer with over 37 years of service, held numerous leadership posts in military and government service, including Associate Director for Military Affairs for the CIA (2014-16), Deputy Commander of the US Special Operations Command (2012-14), Commanding General of the US Army Special Operations Command (2008-12 . The legacy of MAC-V SOG continues within SAC's Special Operations Group. Some experts assess that the CIA Director at that time Leon Panetta has been more aggressive in conducting paramilitary operations in Pakistan than his predecessor. The program consisted of teams of SAC paramilitary officers organized to execute targeted killing operations against al Qaeda operatives around the world in any country. Air America was the air component of the CIA's paramilitary mission in Southeast Asia and was responsible for all combat, logistics and search and rescue operations in Laos and certain sections of Vietnam. [298] A black book, called the "Book of Honor", lies beneath the stars and is encased in an inch-thick plate of glass. "Beyond 'the Mogadishu Line': Some Australian Lessons for Managing Intra-State Conflicts,", Harnden, Toby, "First Casualty: The Untold Story of the CIA Mission to Avenge 9/11. [201] The New York Times said, "Although President Obama has distanced himself from many of the Bush administration's counter-terrorism policies, he has embraced and even expanded the C.I.A. [160], On January 31, 2020, The New York Times reported that three U.S. officials "expressed confidence" that Qasim al-Raymi, the emir of AQAP was killed by the CIA on January 25,[161] in Al Abdiyah District, Ma'rib Governorate, Yemen. One of the OSS's greatest accomplishments during World War II was its penetration of Nazi Germany by OSS operatives. They came back in caskets", "The Powers of Congress and the President in International Relations: Revisited", "NewsHour Extra: U.S. Famous stop in 3A19 LAPD District with 4 full auto suspects on either I-10 or I-110. The language of Executive Order 13470 clearly states that the president may direct other agencies to lead paramilitary efforts if he or she determines that another agency is more likely to achieve a particular objective. Given the arguments previously presented in this article, it is clear that the Defense Department is now the most appropriate agency to lead U.S. government paramilitary activities efforts moving forward. maximum profit -- at the expense of democracy, freedom, and our human future. "Mehsud's death means the tent sheltering Al Qaeda has collapsed," an Afghan Taliban intelligence officer who had met Mehsud many times told Newsweek. For instance Mike Spann who died at Qala-I-Jangi was in his 30's and was a field artillery officer in the Marines before joining SAD. The team gathered evidence of advanced research on acoustical systems to detect under-ice U.S. submarines and efforts to develop Arctic anti-submarine warfare techniques. [266] According to the Middle East Institute, the program was never given the level of political support that was necessary for it to succeed "They never gave it the necessary resources or space to determine the dynamics of the battlefield. One thing all of these options have in common is a requirement for greater CIA participation. Senators that the CIA had trained the first 50-man insurgent element and that they had been inserted into Syria. [190] On February 14, the CIA drone killed 27 taliban and al-Qaeda fighters in a missile strike in south Waziristan, a militant stronghold near the Afghan border where al-Qaeda leaders Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahri were believed to be hiding. [105], Significant events during this time frame included the targeted drone strikes against British al-Qaida operative Bilal el-Berjawi[106] and Moroccan al-Qaida operative Abu Ibrahim. Specialized. Competitive Paramilitary Operations Officer applicants have: Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI), *Higher starting salary possible depending on experience level. [157], In 2009, the Obama administration authorized continued lethal operations in Yemen by the CIA. [79][80] A mechanical failure caused two-thirds of the submarine to break off during recovery,[78] but SAC recovered two nuclear-tipped torpedoes, cryptographic machines and the bodies of six Soviet submariners. The program was also successful in destroying their infrastructure. CIA PARAMILITARY OPERATIONS OFFICERS - CIA'S ELITE SECRET OPERATIVES General Discharge 222K subscribers Join Subscribe 8.2K 241K views 1 year ago This video goes over what a CIA Paramilitary. War in Syria", "How Trump can withdraw US military forces, and salvage US interests in Syria", "ISIS leader al-Baghdadi believed to have been killed in a US military raid, sources say | CNN Politics", "ISIS leader killed in daring U.S. raid in Syria, Trump says", "Tip from disaffected militant set in motion operation that killed ISIS leader al-Baghdadi", "Isis Leader al Baghdadi Dead After US Special Forces Raid Hideout in Syria: Sources", "Trump says Islamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi blew himself up as U.S. The U.S. Defense Department, specifically its subordinate U.S. Special Operations Command, is the organization best prepared to assume leadership of the U.S. governments paramilitary efforts that are critical to supporting its national interests. In turn, U.S. Special Operations Command, with its larger personnel reserves and budgetary appropriations, will provide the U.S. government and American people with a more robust and efficient paramilitary activities capacity when and where it is most needed. As part of the program, some DO officers will be expected to: This position requires a 5-year Contract Term Agreement. They are one of America's most secretive and lowest profile special ops organizations. Paramilitary Operations Officers - CIA operations officers are certified core collectors who are responsible for gathering human intelligence and recruiting and handling clandestine human sources. Strikes In Somalia Reportedly Kill 31", "Commando raid in Somalia is latest in covert operations across the globe", "Senior al Qaeda leader killed in Somalia", "U.S. Gunship fires on al Qaeda Leader and Operative in Somalia", "Somalia's NISA and CIA: An Effective Partnership Against AlQaeda", Somalia: Over 25 Dead and 40 Injured in Mogadishu Courthouse Siege, "British 'al-Qaida member' killed in US drone attack in Somalia", "Moroccan jihadist killed in Somalia airstrike", "Navy SEALs rescue kidnapped aid workers Jessica Buchanan and Poul Hagen Thisted in Somalia", "U.S. Somalia raid is shape of war to come", "Senior CIA Officer Killed During Combat in Somalia", "CIA Contractor Dies in Secret U.S. War in Somalia", "First In: An Insider's Account of How the CIA Spearheaded the War on Terror in Afghanistan", "Jawbreaker CIA Special Activities Division", National Clandestine Service (NCS) Central Intelligence Agency, "Senate Report Explores 2001 Escape by bin Laden From Afghan Mountains", "Bush administration could've captured terrorist Osama Bin Laden in December 2001: Senate report", "C.I.A. The CIA's efforts have been given credit for assisting in ending the Soviet involvement in Afghanistan. A core mission of U.S. Special Operations Command is unconventional warfare, which the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for 2016 defines as activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt or overthrow an occupying power or government by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary or guerrilla force in a denied area." "[294] She further states that every American president since World War II has asked the CIA to conduct sabotage, subversion and assassination. [90] Some allege that the techniques used to interrogate prisoners in El Salvador foreshadowed those later used in Iraq and Afghanistan. [18] These efforts did, however, build many of the relationships that would prove essential in 2001 U.S. If so, there would still be a chance to rebuild and assist and coordinate (with Afghan ANSF commandos) and continue to keep a small footprint while allowing free elections and pushing back the Taliban/AQ forces that have failed but continue to attempt their taking back parts of the country, as they have had between 2015 through 2016. [283] Prior to the beginning of the "War on Terror", SAC/SOG located and captured many notable militants and international criminals, including Abimael Guzmn and Carlos the Jackal. 38? These highly skilled agents also possess extensive combat service experience and foreign language proficiency and have gained considerable experience through foreign travel. "DOD also believes that discussions with our partners should proceed quickly. "As a responsible actor, the department has taken a look to better align its allocation of resources with the 2018 National Defense Strategy's shift to great power competition," said Lt. Col. Uriah Orland, a Defense Department spokesperson. Again help came from the KGB and the DGI. [3] As such, unit members, called Paramilitary Operations Officers and Specialized Skills Officers, do not typically wear uniforms. However, the Defense Department now arguably characterizes activities that could easily be described as paramilitary activities as Operational Preparation of the Environment where the slightest nexus of a theoretical, distant military operation might one day exist. Consolidation of the covert paramilitary responsibility with existing Operational Preparation of the Environment requirements would not create so much of an additional burden on U.S. Special Operations Command as it would reduce duplication of capability at both the CIA and Defense Department. Mission to Iran Is Likely Dead, U.S. Concludes", "C.I.A. [298] There are 137 stars carved into the marble wall,[299][300] each one representing an officer. The plan was launched in April 1961, less than three months after John F. Kennedy assumed the presidency of the United States. [7], SOG Paramilitary Operations Officers account for a majority of Distinguished Intelligence Cross and Intelligence Star recipients during conflicts or incidents that elicited CIA involvement. [32], NATO member Turkey refused to allow its territory to be used by the U.S. Army's 4th Infantry Division for the invasion. According to Naylor the handful of SAD officers in Afghanistan before JSOC and the first two ODA's were in their 30's and 40's and had little to know military experience. They did a mission that you didn't have to do, and Bob was such a bad leader. I was 3rd or 4th in line of command at the "Tactical Operations Center" after numerous operations. Individuals seeking CIA protective agent jobs must be able to commit to a five-year contract with the Agency. The Boland Amendment was extended in October 1984 to forbid action by not only the Defense Department but also to include the Central Intelligence Agency.[87][88]. Moreover, CIA recruits many of its paramilitary operatives directly from U.S. Special Operations Command, thanks largely to the previously discussed and well-established operational relationship between the CIA and Defense Department special operations forces. PMOOs lead and manage Covert Action programs, at the direction of President of the United States, and collect Foreign Intelligence vital to national security policymakers. Yong Do Island, connected by a rugged isthmus to Pusan, served as the base for those operations. U.S. President Donald Trump appeared to confirm reports that the U.S. had killed al-Raymi, by retweeting reports claiming that the CIA had conducted the strike. [147] There are plans being considered to have several U.S. Military special operations elements assigned to CIA after the withdrawal. [138] This strategy proved highly successful and worked very well in Afghanistan with SAC/SOG and JSOC forces conducting raids nearly every night having "superb results" against the enemy. Popular Most Recent Oldest First Easiest Most Difficult Interviews at CIA Experience Positive 40% Negative 20% Neutral 40% Getting an Interview Applied online 80% Other 20% Difficulty 3.2 Average Hard Average Easy Interviews for Top Jobs at CIA Intelligence Analyst (12) Analyst (8) Intern (6) Operations Officer (5) See more interviews for top jobs This list is called the "high value target list". [174] Several senior U.S. officials stated that the "joint efforts of JSOC and CIA paramilitary units was the most significant contributor to the defeat of al-Qaeda in Iraq". [108] All likely aided by intelligence collection efforts in Somalia. By 1970, communist plans repeatedly emphasized attacking the government's "pacification" program and specifically targeted Phoenix agents. From a capabilities standpoint, U.S. Special Operations Command demonstrates comparable and, in some cases, superior capabilities of immediate applicability to paramilitary activities. By comparison, U.S. Special Operations Command has nearly 70,000 total personnel assigned, of which the command already has 13,000 deployed around the world at any given time. They often operate in small teams, typically made up of two to ten operatives (with some operations being carried out by a single officer), all usually with extensive military tactical experience and a set of specialized skills that does not exist in any other unit. eegyvudluk pootoogook / stacey and dave forsey net worth / cia paramilitary operations officer age limit. your target. [158] A major target of these operations was Imam Anwar al-Awlaki, an American citizen with ties to both Nidal Hasan, the convicted Fort Hood attacker, and Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, the Christmas 2009 attempted bomber of Northwest Airline flight 253. . This order defined covert action as "special activities," both political and military, that the U.S. government would deny, and granted the exclusive authority to conduct such operations to the CIA. By Posted jordan schnitzer house In strengths and weaknesses of a volleyball player Although the CIA in general, and a Texas congressman named Charlie Wilson in particular, have received most of the attention, the key architect of this strategy was Michael G. Vickers. The four principal U.S. advisers responsible for the training and operational planning of those special missions were Dutch Kramer, Tom Curtis, George Atcheson, and Joe Pagnella. Additionally, the Defense Department already executes Special Access Programs that are waived and unacknowledged. [78] Her mission was to recover a sunken Soviet submarine, K-129, which had been lost in April 1968. [69] On October 9, 1967, Guevara was executed by Bolivian soldiers on the orders of CIA Paramilitary Operations Officer Flix Rodrguez shortly after being captured, according to CIA documents. The name refers to the motto of CIA's Special Activities Center: Tertia Optio, the President's third option when military force is inappropriate and diplomacy is inadequate. They did this without the use of conventional U.S. military ground forces.[18][120][121][122]. [124], Small and highly agile paramilitary mobile teams spread out over the countryside to meet with locals and gather information about the Taliban and al-Qa'ida. For the CIA, the prospect of ceding a very important, and suddenly prestigious, mission was also very unattractive. [159] Imam al-Awlaki was killed on September 30, 2011, by an air attack carried out by the Joint Special Operations Command. Legislatively, the National Security Act of 1947, 1991 Intelligence Authorization Act, and Title 50 of USC all previously designated the CIA as the office of primary responsibility for paramilitary activities. The CIA's authority to conduct covert operations under Title 50 of the United States Code does not allow for domestic CIA covert activities. The first chapter of this books presents the three waves operations of social, political, economic, technological, military and educational aspect of world affairs under the . As paramilitary activities already require coordination through the National Security Council and interagency cooperation, this process will remain under the new construct. "Suspected US drone killed up to 10 in Pakistan", Haji Mujtaba, Reuters.com, September 8. "Secret U.S. Unit Trains Commandos in Pakistan," Eric Schmit and Jane Perlez. [185] Before leaving office, President George W. Bush authorized SAD's successful killing of eight senior al-Qaeda operatives via targeted air strikes. The CIA's Special Activities Center carries out covert operations and has its own paramilitary force that carries out counterterrorism operations. After almost two decades of mostly overt and highly kinetic counterterrorism activities conducted in Iraq and Afghanistan, an argument has been made that U.S. Special Operations Command, as an organization, lacks the mindset necessary for successfully executing irregular activities under politically sensitive conditions. Ralph W. McGehee, "Deadly Deceits: My 25 Years in the CIA" (Sheridan Square; Ocean Press 1983, 1999), Church Committee Final Report, Vol 1: Foreign and Military Intelligence, p. 455. As an action and results oriented professional, you will take on demanding responsibility, accept significant personal risk, and maintain accountability for results. In 1978 Agee began publishing Covert Action Information Bulletin to undermine CIA worldwide operations. The National Clandestine Service (NCS) within the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employs paramilitary operations officers ad specialized skills officers to engage in intelligence operations abroad that may take place in hazardous or dangerous environments. They had come from a wide variety of Middle Eastern and North African countries, including Yemen, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Tunisia, Morocco, and Iran. [165], SAD/SOG teams also conducted high-risk special reconnaissance missions behind Iraqi lines to identify senior leadership targets. The most successful combination in both the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq has been the linking up of SAD and military special forces to fight alongside highly trained indigenous units. Operate a motor vehicle without second-party assistance in daytime and nighttime conditions; Traverse uneven terrain, to include climbing and descending staircases, over fixed minimum distances and in varying weather conditions; Work non-traditional or erratic schedules; Make reasoned decisions under time constraints. [186] Among those killed were the mastermind of a 2006 plot to detonate explosives aboard planes flying across the Atlantic Rashid Rauf and the man thought to have planned the Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing on September 20, 2008, that killed 53 people. The Executive Branch should draft and issue an executive order amending Executive Order 12333 further to transfer primary responsibility for planning and conducting paramilitary activities from the CIA to the Defense Department. The direct descendant of the OSS' Special Operations is the CIA's Special Activities Division. One of the major recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Report, delivered in 2004, was that the Defense Department should assume primary responsibility for U.S. government paramilitary activities from the CIA. [12][61] In addition, CIA paramilitary ground-based teams worked directly for U.S. military commanders, specifically with the 8th Army, on the "White Tiger" initiative. When diplomacy fails, and war is unwise, the president calls on the CIA's Special Activities Division, a highly-classified branch of the CIA and the most effective, black operations force in the world. In some cases, we also offer sign-on incentives and cover moving expenses if you relocate. How a Plot Convulsed Iran in '53 (and in '79)", "The History Place Vietnam War 19451960", "US Army Combined Arms Center and Fort Leavenworth", "They were smokejumpers when the CIA sent them to Laos. Close collaboration, coordination, and synchronization of efforts will reinforce the importance of interagency integration and demonstrate the wisdom of this undertaking.