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. )consumption: 9,778,100,000 kWh (2019 est. Job Summary PSI Ethiopia seeks a qualified Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) Director to lead major activities within the USAID Ethiopia PHEM project. )investment in inventories: -0.1% (2017 est. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2020 est. )permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est. 1895) were so often appropriated by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the Pan-African colors; the emblem in the center of the current flag was added in 1996, Abyssinian lion (traditional), yellow pentagram with five rays of light on a blue field (promoted by current government); national colors: green, yellow, red, name: "Whedefit Gesgeshi Woud Enat Ethiopia" (March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia)lyrics/music: DEREJE Melaku Mengesha/SOLOMON Lulunote: adopted 1992, total World Heritage Sites: 9 (8 cultural, 1 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela (c); Simien National Park (n); Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region (c); Axum (c); Lower Valley of the Awash (c); Lower Valley of the Omo (c); Tiya (c); Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town (c); Konso Cultural Landscape (c), growing Horn of Africa construction- and services-based economy; port access via Djibouti and Eritrea; widespread but declining poverty; COVID-19, locust invasion, and Tigray crisis disruptions; public investment increases; second largest African labor force, $278.945 billion (2021 est. [26] As of 2016[update] the largest Bah community is in Addis Ababa. [9] The rise of Islamic extremists account for much of the violent persecution in Ethiopia. )consumption: 689,000 metric tons (2020 est. )solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; loss of biodiversity; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management; industrial pollution and pesticides contribute to air, water, and soil pollution, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protectionsigned, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, particulate matter emissions: 34.36 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. Islam now accounts for nearly forty percent of the population and is growing. Ethiopia Country Overview | World Health Organization. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 51.8%male: 57.2%female: 44.4% (2017), total: 9 yearsmale: 8 yearsfemale: 8 years (2012), total: 5.7%male: 4.4%female: 7.2% (2021 est. To make sense of it, the war must be viewed through the prism of Eritrea, where a totalitarian regime deemed to have been committing crimes against humanity since 1991 violates fundamental freedoms, including the freedom of religion or belief, comprehensively. 104 Melesse, Dabissa and Bulte, "Joint Land Certification" 105 World Bank, Ethiopia: Legal and Judiciary Sector. Learn about the Somali in Ethiopia people group. ), total subscriptions: 1.252 million (2020 est. Global data and statistics, research and publications, and topics in poverty and development . (approximately $930 million), information varies; prior to the 2020-2022 Tigray conflict, approximately 150,000 active-duty troops, including about 3,000 Air Force personnel (no personnel numbers available for the re-established Navy) (2022), the ENDF's inventory is comprised mostly of Russian and Soviet-era equipment; in recent years, the ENDF has received arms from a variety of countries, including China, Israel, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, and the United Arab Emirates; Ethiopia has a modest industrial defense base centered on small arms and production of armored vehicles (2023), 18-22 years of age for voluntary military service (although the military may, when necessary, recruit a person more than 22 years old); no compulsory military service, but the military can conduct callups when necessary and compliance is compulsory (2022)note: in November 2021, the Ethiopian Government issued a nationwide state of emergency that enabled officials to order military-age citizens to undergo training and accept military duty in support of the Tigray conflict; the order also recalled retired military officers to active duty, 5-10,000 Somalia (4,500 for ATMIS; the remainder under a bilateral agreement with Somalia; note - bilateral figures are prior to the conflict with Tigray); 250 Sudan (UNISFA); 1,475 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022), the ENDF is one of sub-Saharan Africas largest, most experienced, and best equipped militaries; the Ground Forces are estimated to have more than 20 infantry divisions, including several that are mechanized, along with at least 1 division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has combat squadrons of multipurpose fighter aircraft, attack helicopters, and armed unmanned aerial vehicles; ENDF operations are often supported by sizeable regional state paramilitary unitsthe ENDF is focused on both external threats emanating from its neighbors and against multiple internal armed groups; since 1998, the ENDF has engaged in several conventional and counterinsurgency operations, including border wars with Eritrea (1998-2000) and Somalia (2006-2008) and internal conflicts with the Tigray regional state (2020-2022), several insurgent groups and ethnic militias (aka Fano), and the al-Shabaab terrorist group; the ENDF is currently conducting counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several states, including in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; aka Shene), an insurgent group that claims to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; in 2022, militants from the Somalia-based al-Shabaab terrorist group launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) region, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalias Gedo region to prevent further incursionsfrom November of 2020 until a cease-fire was negotiated in November 2022, the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) engaged in a military conflict with the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF), the former governing party of the Tigray Region; the GoE deemed a TPLF attack on an ENDF base as a domestic terrorism incident and launched a military offensive in response; the TPLF asserted that its actions were self-defense in the face of planned GoE action to remove it from the provincial government; the GoE sent large elements of the ENDF into Tigray to remove the TPLF and invited militia and paramilitary forces from the states of Afar and Amara, as well as the military forces of Eritrea, to assist; TPLF military forces were known as the Tigray Defense Force (TDF) and were comprised of state paramilitary forces, local militia, and troops that defected from the ENDF; the fighting included heavy civilian and military casualties with widespread abuses reported (2023), al-Shabaab; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Forcenote: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Ethiopia-Eritrea: Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement Ethiopia-Somalia: While border clashes continue in the al-Fashqa (Fashaga) area, the US views the 1902 boundary treaty between Ethiopia and Sudan as being in force; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; "Somaliland" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopia;Ethiopia-Sudan: Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; as of 2020, four years of three-way talks between the three capitals over operating the dam and filling its reservoir had made little progress; Ethiopia began filling the dam in July 2020; civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia, refugees (country of origin): 410,727 (South Sudan), 252,496 (Somalia), 163,251 (Eritrea), 48,743 (Sudan) (2023)IDPs: 2.72 million (includes conflict- and climate-induced IDPs, excluding unverified estimates from the Amhara region; border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000; ethnic clashes; and ongoing fighting between the Ethiopian military and separatist rebel groups in the Somali and Oromia regions; natural disasters; intercommunal violence; most IDPs live in Sumale state) (2022), transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe, as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money laundering center, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, navy, which would reportedly be based out of Djibouti, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). [33] There is some tension between members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Protestant Christians, as well as between the Ethiopian Orthodox and Muslims in general. Muslim > Muslim percentage of total population: Muslim percentage (%) of total population 2014 Pew Report. make up the remaining 0.6%. [12] Some Israeli and Jewish scholars consider these Ethiopian Jews as a historical Lost Tribe of Israel (SOURCE NEEDED). [3], Ethiopia is the spiritual homeland of the Rastafari movement, whose adherents believe Ethiopia is Zion. )$2,200 (2019 est. . . [citation needed], An estimated 2.6% of Ethiopia's population adheres to various traditional faiths, according to the 2007 census (down from 4.6% in the 1994 census data). )23.866 (2017 est. )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Other minority religions in the country include Waaq and indigenous beliefs, which are followed by 2.6% of the Ethiopian population, Roman Catholicism (.7%), and Judaism and Baha'i (.7% combined). 106 CMT MW 17 December 2014. [36] The founder of Solomonic dynasty, Yekuno Amlak was heavily assisted by Muslim Sultanate of Showa in his struggle against the Zagwe dynasty. )$248.972 billion (2019 est. ), lowest 10%: 4.1%highest 10%: 25.6% (2005), revenues: $11.24 billion (2017 est. )spirits: 0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )from petroleum and other liquids: 15.324 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Fitch rating: B (2014)Moody's rating: B2 (2020)Standard & Poors rating: B (2014)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. ), electrification - total population: 47% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 96% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 34% (2019), installed generating capacity: 4.856 million kW (2020 est. Submit an article Journal homepage. Inter-Censal Population Survey Report 2012. 2.6% of the population (mainly in the far south and southwest) follow traditional religions; other religions (the Bah Faith, Judaism, etc.) Ethiopia aims to reach lower-middle-income status by 2025. Ethiopia has a long historical and cultural connection to both Christianity and Islam. 126.53/km (93rd) Land Area. NTIA seeks broad input and feedback from all interested . It is also used to refer to Axum, the ancient capital and religious centre of Ethiopian Orthodox Christians, or to its primary church, called Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion. Islam is the second most followed religion, with 33.9% of the population being adherents. )note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49, 401 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. In this video made by the channel "Statistics and Data" you can see the evolution of the data from 1945 to 2020. Religion has played a major role in the shaping of the Ethiopian culture as well as its politics over time.. While many Ethiopians claim that the Bible references of Kush apply to their own ancient civilization, pointing out that the Gihon river, a name for the Nile, is said to flow through the land, some scholars believe that the use of the term referred to the Kingdom of Kush in particular, or Africa outside of Egypt in general. note: data are in current year dollars$17.17 billion (2020 est. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. F/qq4 *p0I6La~^}(5&_ILN]k-6u}yy}n41y.uTnxBRj"i@E`T|X4x+rd%Ru/dC$ )jFn(('5]Oe2HBF&\H-)(q*pJA}d7Jo. ; Ethiopia population is equivalent to 1.47% of the total world population. Catholics Population Percent Catholic Country Dioceses Diocesan Priests Religious Priests Total Priests Permanent Deacons Male Religious Female Religious . Today, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, part of Oriental Orthodoxy, is by far the largest denomination, though a number of Protestants (P'ent'ay) churches have recently gained ground. gle religious denomination (44 percent), is particularly dominant in the Tigray and Amhara regions and in some parts of Oromia. The study is about the DDR's attempt to create a humane and just health care system in a country devastated by World War II, with few resources available (and a population one-third the size of . The apostle St. Matthew is said to have died in Ethiopia. Africa; Americas; . An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 376 pharmacy students in Northwest Ethiopia between July 15 and August 27, 2022. . The modern name Ethiopia is from the Greek term Aethiopia used to translate Kush, and was applied to all of Sub-Saharan Africa, including what is now Sudan, but with a few classical geographers giving more detailed descriptions of present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea (e.g. Poverty, drought, political repression, and forced government resettlement have driven Ethiopias internal and external migration since the 1960s. ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue feverwater contact diseases: schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisnote: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Ethiopia is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, total: 1.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church is an Oriental Orthodox Church, which is the largest Christian denomination in Ethiopia. )wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. [25] The Ethiopian community celebrated its diamond jubile in January 2009. )male: 8.8% (2020 est. Fifty years ago, in 1971, 90% of U.S. adults identified with a Christian religion, 6% were non-Christian or another religion, and 4% did not have a religious . Ethiopia is one of the oldest Christian states in the world. . Global; Regions. Ethiopia has close ties with all three major Abrahamic religions, and it was the first in the region to officially adopt . In the Pew study, 1% of Ethiopians identify as Catholic, 16% as . 1580 The Trotize of Zera Jacob Most people interprot thing on. The Waaq religion is a traditional, monotheistic faith followed mainly by the Cushitic ethnic group in the far eastern . 2007 census, 2022 projection ), household consumption: 69.6% (2017 est. 4 Islam is the second-largest religious group in Ethiopia, at 34 percent, with Orthodox Christians at 44 percent and Protestant Christians at 19 percent. [8] Now, as two parties signed the peace deal in Pretoria, the world has decided to move on from the Ethiopian conflict with the empty . The world's most religious country is actually a 7 way tie between Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Malawi, Niger, Sri Lanka, and Yemen. Their religion became synchronized . Christian, 33.9% identified as Muslim and 18.5% identified as Protestant Christian . His research interests are religion in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa, religion and politics, and ethnicity in Ethiopia. Additionally, there is also a substantial population of the adherents of traditional faiths. )30.1% of GDP (2017 est. [21] A year later, in November 1934, the first Bah Local Spiritual Assembly in the country was formed in Addis Ababa. . ), total: 19.8 yearsmale: 19.6 yearsfemale: 20.1 years (2020 est. The country is also the spiritual homeland of the Rastafari religious movement. While the use of modern contraceptive methods among married women has increased significantly from 6 percent in 2000 to 27 percent in 2012, the overall rate is still quite low. ETHIOPIA 2021 ETHIOPIA RELIGIONS Christians Area 1,104,300 Km2 GDP per capita 1,730 US$ Population 112,759,070 GINI INDEX* *Economic Inequality 35 Other Ethnoreligionists 0.2% . total: 1,104,300 sq kmland: 1,096,570 sq kmwater: 7,730 sq kmnote: area numbers are approximate since a large portion of the Ethiopia-Somalia border is undefined, slightly less than twice the size of Texas, total: 5,925 kmborder countries (6): Djibouti 342 km; Eritrea 1,033 km; Kenya 867 km; Somalia 1,640 km; South Sudan 1,299 km; Sudan 744 km, tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation, high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley, highest point: Ras Dejen 4,550 mlowest point: Danakil Depression -125 mmean elevation: 1,330 m, small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower, agricultural land: 36.3% (2018 est. . [30] Haile Selassie actually came to power during the rise of opposition to Muslims in government positions. Ethiopias rapid population growth is putting increasing pressure on land resources, expanding environmental degradation, and raising vulnerability to food shortages. Religions: Ethiopian Orthodox 43.5%, Muslim 33.9%, Protestant 18.5%, traditional 2.7%, Catholic 0.7%, other 0.6% (2007 est.) ), 31.45% of GDP (2019 est. )services: 43.6% (2017 est. ), $2,300 (2021 est. ), $9.496 billion (2021 est.) Orthodox Christianity has a long history in Ethiopia dating back to the 1st century, and is dominant in northern and central Ethiopia. 1.58%. Moths Turned Eagles, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; The National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahs of Ethiopia. although it represents a unique and complex concept, referring figuratively to St. Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 1.474 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. A small ancient group of Jews, the Beta Israel, live in northwestern Ethiopia, though most emigrated to Israel in the last decades of the 20th century as part of the rescue missions undertaken by the Israeli government, Operation Moses and Operation Solomon. Below are key statistics from WHO's Global Health Observatory. Ethiopia is a nation with many religions, Ethiopian orthodox being one of the oldest churches in the country.. 1 0 obj 22 March 2021. (male 1,887,831/female 2,236,827), total dependency ratio: 75.7youth dependency ratio: 70.2elderly dependency ratio: 5.5potential support ratio: 18.1 (2021 est. With more than 40 percent of . The rest of the percentages are Protestant denominations and Ethiopian Catholics. Ethiopia is a predominantly agricultural country nearly 80% of the population lives in rural areas that is in the early stages of demographic transition. )proven reserves: 0 metric tons (2019 est. f'm0 Hn"o_y'NG`K'_b,{?/g ]~:Pp`{_Y|?y7b#w_xqep\{'>o;|K@D.Pq;J!h~Rng^ e o|cd]1D{TP9n%-h \{-\-wmyL{Wu][|SlR>,kzM}y/p!o.\/358FjW>nwGuC#/^l#v j/nKMAE^K\USVm|emTqV(WP^\F/!@$C5f,]+I%!FkDvH|/Xo {+Sl+|n5njoA1upV5L+se MriP5=)bt&r 2F?r ,,I:k F/Jx4Q This is an increase of 2.53 % (3,019,461 people) compared to population of 119,346,275 the year before. By CARA ANNA, DAVID KEYTON and NAT CASTANEDA November 15, 2021 GMT. <> )$26.269 billion (2018 est. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 5.64% (2021 est. The World Bank is helping to fight poverty and improve living standards in Ethiopia. The 2019 population density in Ethiopia is 112 people per Km 2 (290 people per mi 2 ), calculated on a total land area of 1,000,000 Km2 (386,102 sq. It's the 12th-most populous country in the world and the 2nd-most populous in Africa. 65% of girls and women (15-49) have undergone FGM/C (47.1% in age . ), Derg Downfall Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991), history: several previous; latest drafted June 1994, adopted 8 December 1994, entered into force 21 August 1995amendments: proposals submitted for discussion require two-thirds majority approval in either house of Parliament or majority approval of one-third of the State Councils; passage of amendments other than constitutional articles on fundamental rights and freedoms and the initiation and amendment of the constitution requires two-thirds majority vote in a joint session of Parliament and majority vote by two thirds of the State Councils; passage of amendments affecting rights and freedoms and amendment procedures requires two-thirds majority vote in each house of Parliament and majority vote by all the State Councils, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Ethiopiadual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: 4 years. Goals include promoting rapid economic growth and improving service delivery. ), widespread lack of access: due to conflict in Tigray Region, drought conditions in southeastern areas, high food prices - The difficult and worsening food security situation is the result of multiple shocks affecting food availability and access including: the conflict in northern Tigray Region and in adjacent areas of Amhara and Afar regions, which began in November 2020; in Tigray region alone, 5.3 million people are estimated to be severely food insecure; the failure of the MarchMay 2022 GuGenna rains in southern pastoral areas of southern Oromiya Region and southern Somali Region, exacerbated drought conditions prevailing since late 2020, causing severe crop and livestock losses; severe macroeconomic challenges including insufficient foreign currency reserves and the continuous depreciation of the national currency, as a result, inflation is at very high levels, with the yearonyear food inflation rate estimated at 35.5 percent in July, one the highest of the last decade; these difficulties are exacerbated by the ripple effects of the Ukraine war, which triggered hikes in international prices of wheat, fuel and fertilizers (2022), municipal solid waste generated annually: 6,532,787 tons (2015 est. It was part of the Coptic Orthodox Church until 1959, and is the only pre-colonial Orthodox church in Sub-Saharan Africa. Before the publication of the 2007 census results, however, the U.S. State Department estimated that "approximately 45 percent of the population is Sunni Muslim. ), total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est. [9][10] Orthodox Ethiopian Christians are predominant in the Tigray (95.6%) and Amhara (82.5%), while the majority of Protestants live in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region or SNNPR (55.5% of the inhabitants) and the Oromia Region (4.8 million or 17.7%). WHO Regional websites. Ethiopia Religion, Economy and Politics. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Box 1014, Addis Ababamailing address: 2030 Addis Ababa Place, Washington DC 20521-2030telephone: [251] 111-30-60-00FAX: [251] 111-24-24-01email address and website: AddisACS@state.govhttps://et.usembassy.gov/, three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red, with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; green represents hope and the fertility of the land, yellow symbolizes justice and harmony, while red stands for sacrifice and heroism in the defense of the land; the blue of the disk symbolizes peace and the pentagram represents the unity and equality of the nationalities and peoples of Ethiopianote: Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the three main colors of her flag (adopted ca. )0.5% of GDP (2020 est. ), -$4.507 billion (2021 est. ), total population: 68.59 yearsmale: 66.43 yearsfemale: 70.81 years (2023 est. [20] Mr. Sabri Elais, then a 27-year-old Bah' from Alexandria, Egypt, introduced the Bah Faith to Ethiopia in 1933. %PDF-1.7 Overview. [16] While Muslims can be found in almost every community, Islam is most prevalent in the Somali (98.4%), Afar (95.3%) and Oromia (47.5%) Regions. March 5, 2021 12:12 PM ET. Start of Contract & Duration: Two months Posting date: September 25, 2021 INTRODUCTION. )15.81% (2019 est.). 108 IGT-F AW 27 February 2015. and its projected population for 2021 was 104,477,000 people. Islam > Percentage Muslim: Percent of Muslims in each country. Churches are treated as very sacred spaces. description: bicameral Parliament consists of:House of Federation or Yefedereshein Mikir Bete (153 seats maximum; 144 seats current; members indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 5-year terms)House of People's Representatives or Yehizb Tewokayoch Mekir Bete (547 seats maximum; 470 seats current; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; 22 seats reserved for minorities; all members serve 5-year terms)elections: House of Federation - last held 4 October 2021 (next expected 31 October 2026)House of People's Representatives - last held in two parts on 21 June 2021 and 30 September 2021 (next election expected 30 June 2026)election results: House of Federation - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - NA; composition - men 100, women 44, percent of women 30.6%House of Representatives - percent of vote by coalition/party - NA; seats by coalition/party - Prosperity Party 454, NAMA 5, EZEMA 4, Gedeo People's Democratic organization 2, Kucha People Democratic Party 1, independent 4; composition - men 275, women 195, percent of women 41.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 38.9%notes: House of Federation is responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues and the House of People's Representatives is responsible for passing legislation; percent of vote percentages are calculated on the number of members actually seated versus on the constitutional maximums, highest court(s): Federal Supreme Court (consists of 11 judges); note - the House of Federation has jurisdiction for all constitutional issuesjudge selection and term of office: president and vice president of Federal Supreme Court recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; other Supreme Court judges nominated by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council (a 10-member body chaired by the president of the Federal Supreme Court) and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; judges serve until retirement at age 60subordinate courts: federal high courts and federal courts of first instance; state court systems (mirror structure of federal system); sharia courts and customary and traditional courts, House of People's Representatives:Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice and Democracy or EZEMA [BERHANU Nega] Gedeo People's Democratic PartyIndependentKucha People Democratic PartyNational Movement of Amhara or NAMAProsperity Party or PPnote: Ethiopia has over fifty national-level and regional-level political parties. Georgia, 3.4 million. [6] Islam is the second most followed religion, with 33.9% of the population being adherents.